Comparison Between the Jungle and Fast Food Nation

Comparison Between the Jungle and Fast Food Nation The Jungle is a book written by a journalist who aimed at bringing out the kind of life experienced by those who had migrated to the United States. Although, the novel was then interpreted and used to expose the situation of the health that was being experienced in the industry (Sullivan 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between the Jungle and Fast Food Nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book elaborates on the harsh conditions of people who migrated to the United States. The Jungle talks more of the problems that people both employed and unemployed faced out off the high level of corruption in by the leaders in the state. The writer of the book came up with suggestion on what ought to be done to eliminate the issue of minimal salaries among the citizens, hence, improve the living standards of the people in the United States. The writer of the novel brings out the picture of America as a natio n that is experiencing various food problems as a result of fast food cuffs, hence, threatening the lives of many citizens in the region (Cecilia 2004). Despite of their advantage of having numerous food supplies in the region, people in the state continue to suffer instead of enjoying the food resources. The writer feels that this is a problem that people created for themselves due to their unhealthy practices that lead to death as well as severe illnesses. There were numerous similarities in the United States on the way people were treated by the government as well as their day to day life. Both the state faced almost common problems as well as close kind of hardship despite of the differences in the kind of resources that were found in the two regions (Jacobs 2010). The writers did not only focus on the problems that the citizens were experiencing but also viewed at the possible solutions that could employed to diminish the problems in the two regions. In the writing, the writer elaborated on the problems that come hand in hand as a result of poor planning by the government, corruption as well as minimal wages among the employed citizen, thus, making the lives of the citizen difficult (Sullivan 1996). With the increased level of poverty in the United States, many people and mostly the immigrants face the greatest challenge in trying to meet their daily needs. However, there are some people who are concerned with the low living standard of the members of the states, for instance, the writer of fast food nations who went to an extra mile by organizing for supervision on the meat packing facilities but his effort fails to work out as people allocated to perform the duties were so reluctant to notice the poor hygiene in the plants. This does not help much in improving the already low level of living in the region reason being that the government was not concerned with its people (Tichi 2004). This could have been enhanced by the fact that the government in the region was also corrupt making the situation even worse.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In both states, the major cause of health problems came as a result of cattle rearing by the citizen. However, the problem was not alls about the rearing of the animals but the processes that followed after the animals were ready for consumption. For instance, in the United States, the writer discovers that the level of cleanliness in the meat plant was low as those concerned could only clean them only when there was going to be an inspection. This, therefore, portrays how much the citizen consumed unhealthy meat from the company. Nevertheless, the efforts of those who tried to expose the kind of unhealthy activities taking place in the regions were cut short by those who wanted to hide the true face of the governance in the region. This was done by reporters who said that t he information given by the writer were just false allegation and that they were misleading since they were baseless. As well, in America, the state of the unhealthy conditions was also experience by the citizens. As in the United States, the hazardous practices were also taking place in the meat companies. The processing of meat was found to be unhygienic for human consumption but the people in the states consumed it without their knowledge. In the United States, the conditions were worse as compared to those in America (Jacobs 2010). The reason behind this was because the carcasses from pigs, chicken as well as from horse were incorporated into cattle feed. Thus, these kinds of practices were the major cause of diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy commonly known by the people in the regions as Mad Cow Disease. The consumption of the unhygienic meat not only caused diseases in those who consumed it but it also led to introduction of detrimental micro organisms like E. col i in the meat, hence, this could eventually lead to sickness among the citizens. In the same state, there were other diseases like obesity which was also a threat to the health as well as to the lives of the citizens. Teen labor was also a challenge to the immigrants of the United States as every member of the family was expected to work to aid in supporting the family. This was after the family became a victim of the con men as well as schemes that exhausted their saving. The situation was even more terrible as it diminished all what the citizens had saved to a point of not being in a position to pay for the cheap accommodation that could be easily acquired in the low standard houses known as slums (Sullivan 1996). This lead to eviction of the immigrants leaving the members frustrated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between the Jungle and Fast Food Nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The different o ccupations as well as lifestyle of the family change their lives from that juncture. This was greatly contributed by the harsh condition they faced at workplace. The situation at work place was made worse by the hardships they faced such as accidents that occurred at workplace as well as deaths of the members of their family that with proper conditions as well as planning could have been avoided. Sexual harassment is also a problem in the two states especially in the United States where the level of security was poor as well as the migrants lacking a government that would cater about their wellbeing (Tichi 2004). Also, the kind of government that was found in the region was so corrupt, hence, no one could promote the security in the region. Those who could not speak English in both novels, that is the immigrants, were discriminated as they could not acquire good jobs as well as they were not counted as important to the society and hence, they could not associate with the others in t he community. This led them be with no choice of the kind of jobs to do, hence, ending up doing the hard jobs which could only afford them minimal salaries thus making their living harder. Lack of well paying jobs, led to poverty that was elaborated by how people died of simple conditions that could have been prevented if the people earned enough. The writer narrates of how a character by the name Ona died when giving birth due to lack of capital to pay for medical attention. In addition to this their younger son drowned in the streets that were muddy. This elaborates on the low living states the immigrants experienced yet no one was concerned to improve their way of life (Jacobs 2010). The main characters of the novels are among those who went through these hardships as well as the disappointments in their lives. They were so much into promoting the way of lives of those who experienced similar difficulties. However, their efforts were cut short by those who dominated the region su ch that ay time they came up with a way of improving the state nobody could side with them making the situation hard for them. In conclusion, the novels bring out the kind of life that people face especially in a land that is not theirs. The people of the United States as well as America represent a vast number of people who live below the poverty levels. The kind of living they experience as well as the neglect from the government. The novels can, therefore, be used to bring out to the issues that the government ought to look into to improve peoples way of living. Jacobs, Jane. Introduction to The Jungle. NY: McGraw-Hill. 2010.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sullivan, Mark. The Condemned-Meat Industry. NY: Our Times, 1996. Tichi, Cecilia. From the Jungle to Fast Food Nation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2004.

Definition and Examples of Verbal Play in English

Definition and Examples of Verbal Play in English The term verbal play refers to the playful and often humorous manipulation of the elements of language. Also known as logology,  word play,  speech play, and verbal art. Verbal play is an integral characteristic of language use and an  important component in the process of language acquisition.   Examples and Observations Whats the difference between the Prince of Wales and a tennis ball?One is heir to the throne and the other is thrown into the air.The value of marriage is not that adults produce children but that children produce adults.(Peter De Vries, The Tunnel of Love, 1954)I understand your new play is full of single entendre.(George S. Kaufman to fellow playwright Howard Dietz)Child: Mommy, can I go out and play?Mother: With those holes in your pants?Child: No, with the girl next door.Your mama is so  skinny she can hula-hoop a Cheerio.Dear Sir or Madam or Sodom or Whom It May Confirm:I understand you are hiring programmers and hereby present my amplification for annoyment by your firm. As you see, I see, juicy lucy goosy poosy, I have long expedience in grammar and was medicated in the best schools and my dram is to ride underwear. On my clothes is my consomme. Please feel free.I remain your humble serpent.(James Joyce Business School,  A Prairie Home Companion, March 4, 2000)Sense and No nsenseVerbal play, though independent of sense, does not need to be nonsense; it is indifferent to, but not in opposition to, meaning. Verbal play  is  actually an appeal to reason with the intention of suspending its inhibitive power.(Leonard Falk Manheim,  Literature and Psychology, 1988) Speech Play and Verbal ArtThe boundaries between speech play and verbal art are hard to delimit and are cultural as well as linguistic. At the same time, there are certain verbal forms where the relationship between the two is particularly salient and where it is quite clear that forms of speech play constitute the building blocks of verbal art. These include most particularly the stretching and manipulation of grammatical processes and patterns, repetition and parallelism, and figurative speech. Typically verbal art is characterized by combinations of these forms of speech play.(Joel Sherzer, Speech Play and Verbal Art. University of Texas Press, 2002)Verbal Play  in African American Communities- Verbal play in the African American community is both performance and entertainment, oriented like sandlot football or card playing at picnics. But it can, on occasion, be as serious a kind of play as competitive football or bid whist tournaments.(T. Garner and C. Calloway-Thomas, African American Orality: Expanding Rhetoric. Understanding African American Rhetoric, ed. by R. L. Jackson and E. B. Richardson. Routledge, 2003)- In inner-city communities where black English is spoken . . . certain styles of  verbal play  are commonly practiced and highly valued. Such play involves both play with language and provocative play with social conventions. Individual social standing in part depends on the command of these highly structured types of repartee and the ability to keep cool while giving and receiving outrageous insults or challenges to self-esteem. Young children in such communities gradually learn this style of verbal play, using one-liners at first, but often accidentally giving or taking real offense before they understand how to use the techniques creatively and with the proper emotional distance.(Catherine Garvey, Play. Harvard University Press, 1990)

Principles of Health and Social Care Practice Essay

Principles of Health and Social Care Practice - Essay Example This paper discusses that  there is also a need to respect the choice of clients. Sometimes making choices can be quite hard especially when the choices are limited. Healthcare workers should ensure that when clients need to make choices over matters that affect them, the choices available to them are enough not to cause agony on what course of action the clients will take.   For instance, healthcare settings should be structured in a manner that can allow clients with restricted mobility access to areas that they need to. Furthermore, respecting the confidentiality of clients is very significant as clients trust healthcare workers to do that. Breaching this trust will catastrophically affect the healthcare worker-patient relationship.This research declares that  giving a client all the relevant information concerning his/her treatment brings more satisfaction and happiness to the client because the client can make choices based on the information that he/she receives. Through the person-centred approach, the patient is able to easily approach the service provider.  This approach encourages the service provider and the client to work as team. In this manner, the provider is able to meet the client needs effectively while respecting their individuality. This approach makes it possible for a provider to be more specific in addressing the needs of a client.  The patient also feels more responsible and thus he/she is likely to take measures to â€Å"engage in treatment decisions, feel supported to make behavioural changes and empowered to self manage†.

President Bill Clinton's Impeachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

President Bill Clinton's Impeachment - Essay Example Jones to his hotel room and started to make a sexual advancement towards her. Ms. Jones refused to have sex with him (Linder). Included in the least of potential witnesses for Ms. Jones case against President Bill Clinton was a woman by the name Monica Lewinsky. Monica Lewinsky had worked in the White House in the year 1995 and was an intern. Linda Trip, who then was a former employee at the White House, provided Lewinsky’s information. Ms. Trip was a confidante of Ms. Lewinsky, and she had managed to record some of the conversations that she had heard with Ms. Lewinsky without the knowledge of Ms. Lewinsky. The conversations that were recorded were mainly about her contacts with the president. On 12th January of 1998, Ms. Trip provided the tapes of her secret conversations that she had had with Ms. Lewinsky to Kenneth W. Starr who was an Independent Counsel that was pointed to carry out an investigation Whitewater Estate that belonged to Mr. and Mrs. Clinton. On 15th January, Starr secured an approval from Janet Reno, who was the then Attorney General. Janet Reno requested and received an order the Court of Appeals. The request was to expand the scope of the Whitewater prove and introduce new accusations. The next day, there was a meeting between Ms. Tripp and Ms. Lewinsky at a hotel, and federal agents secretly recorded the conversation. The federal agents later confronted Ms. Lewinsky claiming that she had committed perjury and further demanded that she should cooperate in providing evidence against the then president. Ms. Lewinsky at first denied them her cooperation and claimed that much of what she had told Ms. Tripp was not the truth about the events. July of 1998, this was after Ms. Lewinsky had been granted sweeping Immunity from the prosecution by Starr, who was the special prosecutor in the case. Under these new circumstances, Ms. Lewinsky confessed to having had a sexual relationship with President Bill Clinton, which did not include

Compare Enlightened Despotism with the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Compare Enlightened Despotism with the French Revolution Essay The Enlightenment, an historical period of the 18th and early 19th centuries influenced actions of absolute rulers. This movement also provided a framework for the French Revolutions. Enlightened despots believed that political change could best come from the ruler. Where as the French Revolution did many things, unleashed new forces, destroy old ideas, offered new promises. Not the Revolution itself, of course, but the people who made it. However, Enlightened despots were encouraged by the philosophers to make good laws to promote human happiness. Despots acted abruptly and desired quicker results. They were impatient with all that stood in the way of their reforms. In addition, they justified their authority on the grounds of usefulness, not divine right? Frederick II (Frederick the Great), the most famous Prussian absolute monarch and a military genius, pursued an aggressive foreign policy. In 1740 he seized from Austria the province of Silesia. His action culminated in a major European conflict, the Seven Years War (1756-1763), in which he was pitted against a powerful Europe. Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality, and applied them to their kingdoms. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education. Enlightened Absolutists believe that they had the right to govern by birth. Emperor Joseph II can be said to have fully embraced the Enlightened concept of the social contract. In contrast Catherine II entirely rejected the concept of the social contract while taking up many ideas of the Enlightenment. The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a pivotal period in the history of France and Europe. The Revolution is widely seen as a major turning point in European history-from the age of absolutism, to the age of the citizenry, as the dominant political force. Many interrelated political and socioeconomic factors contributed to the French Revolution. It fell to the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants, wage earners, and individuals of all classes who had come under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightment. It was and remains a system of ideas that are usually goal- directed. Most ideologies are, therefore, fundamentally political, bright descriptions of the means and methods by which the instruments of revolution, party, or government ought to be used for the purpose of social change. The French Revolution was the first major social revolution, of far greater dimensions and of deeper purpose. Elected to the Committee of Public Safety in July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) soon came to dominate that group, hence dominate the revolutionary government. He exhibited himself as a ruthless individual, incorruptible, dictatorial, impersonal, and determined to sweep away all who opposed the Revolution. He urged the war on against the monarchical powers of France, and he encouraged the Reign of Terror. The major causes of   French Revolution include the following: A poor economic situation and an unmanageable national debt were both caused and exacerbated by the burden of a grossly inequitable system of taxation and Frances funding of the American revolution, A resentment of royal absolutism; An aspiration for liberty and republicanism; A resentment of Manorialism (seigneurialism) by peasants, wage-earners, and to a lesser extent, the bourgeoisie; The rise of enlightenment ideals; Food scarcity in the months immediately before the revolution; High unemployment and high bread prices resulting in the inability to purchase food; A resentment of noble privilege and dominance in public life by the ambitious professional classes. In principle and by legislation, French revolution made the individual citizen the center of a new social order. The social order should, therefore, be designed to maximize this freedom, this personal liberty. References Spielvogel Western Civilization Volume II: Since 1500 (2003) p.493, 517. Scott, H. M, Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in Late Eighteenth Century Europe (1990), ISBN 0472101730.

Playboy Of The Western World: Discovering Reality Essay -- essays rese

In order to counter the unreality of Ibsen and the bleakness of Chekhov, John M. Synge has chosen a seemingly unbelievable story to create his realist masterpiece, The Playboy of the Western World. Its realism comes from two unlikely sources: joy and a far-fetched tale. Yet, as Synge identifies himself in the preface, these elements in combination are extremely effective in showing the life of the peasantry; more so than any bleak or so-called "real" story (in the manner of Ibsen) could.The problem with showing the peasant class in a bleak manner is that, by virtue of their position, the audience knows their life is bleak in terms of money. By featuring a peasant class, it would be redundant to make a movie about their lack of finances, intelligence, or other virtues not usual...

Public Administration Essay

Q1: The chief executive of the country, or President, holds the highest office.   He cannot make laws but he participates in the legislation process. Although he is the head of state, I agree that the chief executive cannot take for granted that the legislative body, which is Congress, would follow his will on any subject.   The President has to use all of his willpower, his charisma, and every advantages available to him to influence the outcome of the legislation process.  Ã‚   The constitution made sure that the chief executive won’t have absolute power to avoid dictatorship.   There are even times that Congress would overturn the President’s veto on a particular law. As an example, the current administration of President Bush has always been in favor of attacking countries that pose a threat to the United States, particularly those countries that are identified as havens for terrorists.   President Bush obtained Congress’ approval on attacking Iraq and Afghanistan because of what happened in 9/11.   Congress agreed with the President to redress a wrong-doing and because a successful conclusion to the war was imminent.   Years later, the victory in Iraq was indecisive.   Despite the President’s persuasion for the troops to stay in Iraq, Congress held out and the chief executive has to concede to the decision that the troops should be pulled out. Q2: If I have to end the state’s monopoly on liquor sales, my strategy is to engage in massive lobbying efforts employing the best lobbyists in every state.   The CEO said money is not a problem, so, it means that advertising and marketing strategies can also be used to slowly influence the mind of the voters.   Hard liquors, like tequila, are popular drinks in bars.   The campaign should first target those people who owns bars and their patrons.   Whether or not this strategy would work out remains on how effective the lobbyists are in influencing the right people.   The lobbyists I would need are those who would be good in promoting the benefits of privatization of hard liquor, particularly to the state’s coffers.   The country is in an economic crisis and many states are hard-pressed to meet many programs.   With the promise of big tax revenues from the privatization, state officials would find ways to relinquish control over hard liquor sales.   They would find a way to change the law without needing a 60% acceptance from the public. Calling to mind the reasons why the Prohibition was approved, and why hard liquor sale is regulated by the government agency, I would be reminded of the evils of unregulated alcohol selling.   In this regard, my personal recommendation is not to allow private businesses to sell hard liquors.   Giving up control on hard liquor could mean a return of the era wherein alcohol consumption caused many of society’s ills.   There are too many crimes as it is, and unregulated alcohol manufacturing and selling could worsen the current situation. Q3:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The elements of a bureaucracy are: – statutes legalizing the agency’s existence, as well as how it is structured, the type of activities it is in charge with, and the budgets for the agency’s operation; – determination of what legislative committee is to oversee an agency and what sector of society will the services be delivered to; – discretionary power; – resources, how big the agency should be and how will the organization be structured; – maintaining a close relationship with the legislative body for its continued existence and survival; and – the presence of skillful leadership and knowledgeable employees. The strength of a bureaucracy lies in its being outside of the limelight in the political arena.   An administrative agency has more influence in policymaking when it is not being closely watched.   The weakness of a bureaucracy is on its single-mindedness of purpose.   If it is created for a particular sector, like the National Labor Relations Board for the labor sector, the agency cannot accommodate other requests from the public.   While is this a weakness, it is also a bureaucracy’s strength.   By focusing on one aspect of society, an agency can better serve the needs of that sector.   Another weakness of the bureaucracy is its tendency to respond more promptly to queries from legislators compared to its response to a query from the public.   Since an agency is dependent on Congress, it needs to be liked by the members of Congress. The criticisms against a bureaucracy are centered on two things.   First, an administrative agency’s accountability for failures is comparatively less compared to private businesses.   Second, a bureaucracy’s performance is difficult to gauge because it provides services and creates policies.   It cannot be measured based on quantifiable metrics. In my opinion, the main benefit of having administrative agencies is the focus it could give to the community in terms of services.   For instance, a bureaucracy is needed to manage the country’s health care.   Without a particular administrative agency for health care, people could wait weeks and months before receiving medical service.   In terms of challenges, a bureaucracy’s main challenge is how to become independent from the influence of legislators.   It has to find balance with regards to its dealings with the public and the legislative body. Q4: Federalism is a form of governance wherein the power to govern the nation is not centralized.   In the United States, the federal government does not control how states should implement and interpret many laws.   They are independent from the federal government’s interference in many aspects, like utility regulation, zoning, divorce, and many others.   In other words, each state is empowered to a certain degree.   The federal government do not interfere with state matters unless it has reason to.   When the federal government needs bigger state control, it often provides grants-in-aid to obtain some concessions from the states.   Or conversely, the federal government can decrease federal aid to the states.   Like in the case of the Medicaid system, the current administration is proposing a cut on its contribution to the program. Federalism is effective in giving each state the decision on how to govern itself based on its people’s needs.   Federalism could also be bad when there would be an absence of cooperation among states and between the federal government and the states. Q5: The current high rate of divorce can be attributed to the lack of difficulty in obtaining one since law made it easy for married couples to separate legally and sever the ties of marriage.   This is one area where I would work on so that couples can’t just divorce one another to the detriment of their children.   In order to tighten the law, I would first seek the aid of the church, the local politicians and engage the community in a discussion of my proposal. Before going to these people I would already be ready with my own modifications so that we have something concrete to work on.   I would present to these people my proposal that I would call the divorce test.   The couple should pass this test before any court would accept their filing. The revised divorce law would require the couple to undergo marriage counseling at least twice before they can pass the divorce test.   Like in bankruptcy, divorce should be the last resort for couples to take.   I would expect some quarters to argue but instead of debating endlessly, I would ask them to present one of their own proposal.   So long as everyone keeps to the objective of keeping families together, a revision could be arrived at that would be fair and equitable to everyone.

A Look at Early American Indian History Essay

In analyzing early American history before the 1870s, it’s vital to have a picture of the lives and lifestyles of the native American Indian people, who have witnessed the immigration of Europeans and other foreign people from a completely different perspective as many of the people who consider themselves to be mainstream Americans today. The American Indian population and tribes have dwindled and suffered at the expense of the influx of migrating peoples into what was once their own land, and First Peoples, a book by Colin Calloway, takes a closer look at the history of Americans who were truly native, who freshly walked the shores and farmed the countryside of the great American continent. First Peoples is a documentary survey of the history of the first Americans, the Indian tribes who first roamed the American lands. The introduction and chapters of the book are broken down into several intriguing parts, including American Indians in American history, American History before Columbus, The Invasions of America, Indians in Colonial and Revolutionary America, American Indians and the New Nation, Defending the West, Kill the Indian and Save Man (which begins the area of the book which analyses the Native American experience after 1870), From the Great Depression to Self Determination, and Nations within a Nation. In introduction and first chapters of First Peoples, a total of six large sections of Calloway’s book, go into much detail about the experience of the Native American people in early America before the 1870s, from the roots of Native American life dating back as far as possibly 11,500 BC with the finding of the oldest Clovis spear points to the exploration of the varied tribal journeys until the mid 1800s AD. The introduction of the book gives a general overview of the theme of the book, the topics related to Native American history in the Americas and the documentation and sources used to feed knowledge into the introduction. References noted in the introduction as well as references noted throughout Calloway’s documentary include the several noted here as well as many more: Abler, T. & Einhorn, A. â€Å"Bonnets, Plumes, and Headbands in West’s Painting of Penn’s Treaty. † American Indian Art Magazine 21, 1996: 46. Banner, S. How the Indians Lost Their Land: Law and Power on the Frontier. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005. Brown, J. & Vibert, E. Reading Beyond Words: Contexts for Native History. Peterboro, Ontario: Broadview Press, 1996. DuBois, M. & McKiernan, K. â€Å"In the Spirit of Crazy Horse. † PBS series Frontline, 1990. Kipp, D. & Fisher, J. â€Å"Transitions: Destruction of A Mother Tongue. † Native Voices Public Television Workshop, 1991. Lesiak, C. â€Å"In the White Man’s Image. † PBS series American Experience, 1992. Steckler, P. & Welch, J. Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Big Horn and the Fate of the Plains Indians. New York: W. W. Norton, 1994. Usner, D. (1985). â€Å"American Indians on the Cotton Frontier: Changing Economic Relations with Citizens and Slave in the Mississippi Territory. † Journal of American History 72, 1985: 297-317. In First Peoples, Calloway has utilized a large number and variety of sources, from scholarly books to journals, magazines to films, and the references are noted at the end of every chapter and at the end of the book. On can see that it is through the use of varied and substantial amounts of references and study that Calloway has been able to craft such a detailed and powerful documentary of American Indian life and history. The first chapter of First Peoples focuses on the very early migration and creation theories related to American Indian tribes and the settlement of the first people who migrated across the bearing straight many thousands of years ago, the findings and studies of early fossils and civilizations, and the emergence over time of the Apalachee, Caddos, Chickasaws, Chocktaws, Cheyennes, Cherokee, Creeks, Hurons, Natchez, Iroquois, Mohawks, Neutrals, Petuns, Senecas, Shawnees, Timucua and other tribes. Calloway discusses the hunting and farming ways of life of the native tribes, including the first buffalo hunters of the plains, the farmers of the southwest, the mound builders and farmers of the eastern woodlands, and the affluence of the West Coast. Finally, the chapter ends with a look at the arrival of the European colonists into a world which was already burgeoning with the cultures, battles, celebrations and struggles of the native peoples. In summarizing the second chapter of First Peoples, one notes that Calloway analyses the confrontations of the American Indians with the early European settlers from 1492 to 1680. Through the influx of new people into America, the cultural landscape of America begins to shift and change around the new immigrants even more than it had between the tribal peoples. The Indians face off with the Spanish, French, and English colonists, aiming to balance survival with the struggle for power known as gold, god, commerce, priests, empires, and pelts. The economic and religious impact on the American Indians after the arrival of the Europeans was profound, and both cultures, Indian and European, learned new ways of being and living, were educated by one another in their vastly differing stock holds of cultural history and backgrounds, and clashed together when the trade of goods and ideas seemed tipped too far in favor of one over the other. The balance of power was not easy to manage, and more often than not, American Indians suffered more at the hands of the Europeans than vice versa. The chapter three, Indians in Colonial and Revolutionary America, Calloway takes a look at both Indians in colonial society and colonists in Indian society as they both draw together more closely and clash more violently. The impact of the fur trade and other economic industries brought a reduced capacity to hunt and live off the land, bringing peoples together in tighter communities, resulting in the loss of European and tribal languages for the minority people pressing into the mainstream, the stealing and returning of captives, division within tribal communities, peace treaties, the removal of Indian tribes, and the banding together of tribes and colonists to fight against the most recent invading immigrating force. In reading this chapter, one is able to more clearly understand the attempts at peace and unity merging and contrasting vividly with harsh battles and banishment of peoples. This era of American history is strewn with the movement of individuals, with change and newfound placement, with horrifying prejudice and necessary cooperation. In reading the American Indians and the New Nation, the fourth chapter of First Peoples, one is able to better understand the nation as it gained independence and began working together and a more unified system. Although the emergence of a truly independent America involved new statehood and politics which banded together people from across the vast country, it also brought with it new laws aimed at cleansing Indian people from European and mainstream America. With the populations of American Indians ever dwindling and racism and prejudice haunting the beginnings of American history as an independent nation, the American Indians suffered the loss of political battles as well as the loss of tribal people to death and disease, alcoholism and suicide. Chapter five, the last chapter focusing on American history before 1870, sees only further aggression against the American Indian people and tribes. Policies of detribalization find their ways onto the desks of politicians even as American Indian statehood is granted to Oklahoma. Indian children are removed from their tribes and forced in to state schools across the nation, even to the point of stripping Indian children from their families to live in permanent boarding schools for the effective Americanization or Europeanization of the Indian children. The divisions and suffering within the American Indian families, cultures, and lifestyles during this time are still felt to this day. Although this chapter ends with a look at new American Indian leaders and furthering active attempts to overcome the racism and unfair practices of the European people against the American Indians, it’s important to note the devastation suffered by the American Indians at the hands of the European Americans and the troubling ripple effects of hate crimes against Indians which are still felt within American society today. Overall, First Peoples is a wonderful book for the in depth study of historical life for the American Indian people and tribes, lending insight to the wellness and status of American Indians today in modern America. The creation of America as an independent nation is rife with struggles and diversity, with clashes and vibrancy. The coming together of various peoples has often dealt the people with the most differences a worse deck, however, it is important to view the coming together of our patchwork of American cultures and to know what has happened before, so that people can make informed judgments about the history of yesterday and the future of tomorrow. Luckily, the harsh barbarianism of the past is less and less a part of present society, and prejudice and racism less and less a prominent fixture of modern society worldwide. Although there are still differences to accept and divisions to heal, the world grows more peaceful with every passing decade. First Peoples lend true insight into the well researched history of the American Indians and shines light on what has gone before and what still goes onward in this changing and evolving American culture. Works Cited Calloway, C. First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Macmillan, 2007.

Psychological Perspective

Psychological Perspective Introduction Autism is a devastating developmental disorder that can be diagnosed in any child regardless of social class, race, cultural or ethnic background. Its effects on personal development and relationship can be massive and may lead to stress among caretakers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Perspective-movie review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, personal life development is a complex interlink of personality, cognitive and sociological development that are molded by voluntary and involuntary environmental factors as this paper analyses from the movie The Black Baloon. An individual’s development is a reflection of aspirations, successes and failures that a person and the community appreciate. This paper evaluates the character of Maggie and the aspects of stress, preeclampsia, having an autistic child and her life stage using the cognitive, personality and sociological models . Finally, the paper concludes by highlighting the importance of cognitive factors and emphasizes on mental health as well as moderating factors that anchor the ability of an individual to regain strong conscious of life even when under stress. Brief background of the movie The 2008 film The Black Balloon was directed by Elisa Down (Down Jack 2008). It clearly depicts challenges faced by families living with autistic children. The main question that the film raises is whether parents and other members of a family have the ability to cope with such challenges and come out victoriou in the end by being unified with love in spite of the kind of the adversity they face. As the title suggests, Charlie is like a black balloon whose opaqueness hinders one from seeing inner contents.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, the presence of an autistic child in the family strains M aggie emotionally as depicted in the film bearing in mind that he has to devote all her attention to him. The Black Balloon theme has been used to explore this sensitive issue and reveals how each of the family members has his/her own strategy to deal with the challenges caused by autism. The generalization of literature on the issue Although Erickson’s theory has been largely employed in the study as the main supporting framework, it has other varying elements of related theories such as the Freuds theory of personality development. Indeed, as Altiere and Von Kluge (2009. p. 142) point out, Ericksons work was greatly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud. This is evident especially in the first three stages of development whereby the symptoms and traits assimilated by an individual have great similarities in both theories. According to Sigmund’s theory, personality is considered to be like an iceberg since it exists below the human capacity to address the resultant problems. In other words, personality is an integral element when assessing growth and development of an individual. Most of the personality processes are below the conscious awareness of any human being to control. This is the same way an iceberg exists in an ordinary condition. However, Erickson strongly differs with Sigmund who observes that personality development only takes place during the first five years of an infant. In contrast, the development of any individual is continuous and lasts throughout his lifetime as depicted by the Ericksons eight stages of development (Baker, Seltzer Greenberg 2011, p. 601).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Perspective-movie review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aforementioned stages are known to mould the full character trait of a person during the entire phase of growth and development. If the latter theory is anything to goby, then it implies that huma n personality is one of the mot complex aspects to alter in a human being. Psychosocial developmental aspects using Erickson’s stages of development According to Barkway (2009, p. 43), Erickson’s eight stages of development denote a holistic socialization process through which an individual undergoes in order to effectively fit in the society. Unlike Sigmund Freud who believed that the development only takes place for a short period of time up to the age of five years, Erickson believed that development is a continuous process that occurs in an individual’s lifetime. Erickson pointed out that all stages of human existence are unique and present an individual with particularistic challenges that determine their overall ability to address them (Greenberg, Seltzer Hong 2001, p.229). Notably, the Erickson’s eight stages of life development depict eight crises which are demonstrated by the traumas visible in many individuals with stress, preeclampsia as well as those going though a similar case to that of Maggie. Louds et al (2007, p. 401) argue that the entire psychosocial crisis must be dealt with effectively at every stage in order to develop the correct system of addressing the needs of later stages. Orsmond, Krauss and Seltzer (2004, p.245) also believe that when the crises are not totally or effectively resolved, they directly culminate into the symptoms of stress and other disorders at different life stages.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Seltzer et al (2001, p. 267), all the eight stages are anchored on the close interaction of three main facets of life development which usually occur in different stages. To begin with, the somatic system is an important component that tends to control biological system whereby various processes constantly take place thereby exerting variant pressures to an individual. At different stages, human body development presents variant developmental demands to effectively assume the required growth in an individual. In addition, the ego which forms the central reasoning and thinking demand of an individual is a major determinant of how an individual approaches the different problems that face them. Indeed, as Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABC, 2009) explains that the ego forms one of the most important aspects of human development in the sense that it is possible to evaluate the costs and benefits of the different actions taken to ensure that only the best solutions are con sidered. Finally, the societal facet views such an individual as part of the extended community which requires every person to live and operate within a given framework that is acceptable by all. Though this has been cited to be much flexible especially in the modern communities where the boundaries have been extended especially for the social institutions; the administrative authorities that ruthlessly deal with the extreme cases of misbehavior posses major challenges to human beings at different stages. Maggie’s case in terms of personal development Middle adulthood stage (generativity versus stagnation) The seventh stage which occurs between the ages of 40 to 65 years provides an individual with the ability to have an extended view and therefore offer care to others as Erickson indicated in his developmental theory. Successful completion of the earlier stages culminates into the adults demanding the children as they equally need them mostly on the basis of leaving a decent legacy. Adults seek new identities whereby thoughts of death are overshadowed by their efforts to generate greater levels of goodwill in society (Seltzer et al 2004, p. 245). However, if this crisis is not addressed, people will mostly be self centered and therefore experience a strong sense of stagnation. Maggie’s stage of development in the move is at the middle adulthood. It is important to highlight that the idea behind producing The Black Balloon movie was to contextualize the impact of autistic children towards family health. Shattuck (2007, p. 1735) perspectives concurs with the feelings brought out in the movie that the burdensome demands of taking care of an autistic child cause considerable stress to a family. Since the prognosis of the same is poor, it might cause a lifetime effect such as stress. The movie brings out the character Maggie as a married woman in her forties and who has the burden of raising two sons. At this time, she is also pregnant with her third baby. She is also depicted as a hardworking lady whose energy and time is devoted to the rearing of children and management of her household. However, the fact that she has to care for an autistic child besides juggling with the difficulties of her career and other famly members exerts a lot of pressure and stress on her. According Erikson’s theory of human development, Maggie appears to be in her middle adulthood stage best explained by generativity versus stagnation. Smith and O’Relly (2008, p. 100) are quite categorical that members in this phase devote their energy to caring for children and making a career thus contributing to the development of the next generation. The interpretation of Maggie’s personal development phase can be observed as generative in the sense that she strives to raise her children and manage her household. Besides, the fact that Maggie is a housewife has an effect of stagnation. The consequence of this is that it impacts on certain a spects of her self-realization. It is imperative to highlight that the role of taking care of an autistic child is cumbersome. White, Keonig and Scahill (2007, p. 1858) relate it to ‘full-time employment’. Maggie appears to be in some form of forced full time employment. From the film, it is also evident that Maggie’s freedom is limited since she is the only one who seems to get it right with Charlie. This situation compels her to ignore her health risk and the pregnancy condition that requires her to take complete rest because any minute she leaves Charlie with Thomas or Simon chaos always arise. While this is new because even with normal children mothers are always under mental and physical stress while taking care of their children and they always put their needs after those of family members (Cohen, Brown Smailes 2001, p. 981), it appears to be an issue of concern that drives her to committee meetings even when she suffers from the symptoms of preeclampsia. Various researches have indicated that lack of self efficiency skills in an autistic child can attract debilitating impact on the family bond and social relationships. As noted in the movie, the realization that Charlie may not be able to perform certain functions or even marry is some of the failures which can impact negatively on the psychological health of the parents and siblings. Most mothers as in the case of Maggie have been found to suffer from stressful symptoms (Down Jack 2008). Similarly, they might develop love and care towards the disordered individual owing to the fact that most of the attention is directed towards this child (Glantz 2009, p. 1365). For instance, in the initial stages Thomas is unable to understand why Maggie is always very attentive to Charlie’s needs or why he is never punished for wrong doing like when he smashes the birthday cake on the wall. Thomas’ resentment reaches at a point of no return when Charlie ruins the birthday party in presence of his girlfriend whereby he revenges by breaking Charlie’s video game. Charlie’s case and its impacts Elementary and middle school years (Industry versus inferiority) This stage lasts between the ages of 6-12 years when the child gets to school and therefore is exposed to the wider community apart from the ordinary and familiar caregivers and parents. Therefore, by being exposed to new environment that consist of more friends and different people, the child has a chance of learning and gaining more skills while being transformed to a world of peers. Charlie’s condition is a major setback to his effective completion of the stage. Failure to effectively complete stage one to three aggravates strong sense of inferiority complex which may be very hard to address at the later stages. According to Ayoub (2006, p. 679), a disorder is one of the major factors that keeps individuals from fully being industrious. Consequent guidance should be provided to enhance better decision making at this stage. Maggie is keen to take this line of action. Adolescent stage (identity versus role confusion) According to Erickson’s theory of development, identity crisis is the single most significant aspect that individuals must face in course of their life development. At this stage, the healthy resolution of the previous stages conflicts to generate the necessary sense of trust, competence, control, and independence which must all be incorporated. Success in the earlier stages therefore brings out a strong sense of identity and therefore readiness to plan for the future. However, prior failure will lead to further confusion where the adolescent will be faced with difficulties in making the correct decisions and choices (Sparks 2000, p. 307). In particular, they are faced with vocation problems and sexual orientation. Like in stage four, the adolescent easily becomes a subject of bad peer pressure that lead them conflicts with the community, the au thority, and eventual cumulative stresses (Jara et al 2010, p. 270). On the same note, as autistic children enter adolescent stage, new challenges arise as parents are in a dilemma on whether to send their children to mainstream or special schools (Ginette Debra 2008, p. 55). According to Capps (2009, p. 507), unlike the normal children who learn how to be self reliant, autistic children do not achieve this milestone due to cognitive underdevelopment, hence; they continue to place both physical and emotional demands on their parents. Confusion presented by Autistic patients has been known to have great similarities with identity crisis posted in various stages of the Ericksons eight stages of development. In stage five of Ericssons eight stages of personality development as Raijmakers et al (2005, p. 711) explains, confusion is evident with the individuals lacking a sense of inner consideration of agency. It is clear that indeed, this sense of identity loss is directly correlated t o poor earlier stages crisis resolution. Identity is the ability of any individual to be able to address the correct industrial developmental avenue, generate the necessary intimacy, and fit within the holistic society configuration where its demands are effectively met without conflicting interest. However, lack of the necessary cohesion and relationship with the others and environment puts an individual in a state of hegemony with their demands thereby displacing them into a state of confusion (Poston 2006, p. 1145). In some instances as Kashanian et al (2011, p. 412) point out, there arises a sense of negative identity where an individual tries to generate or fit his traits within the groups that accept him/her. However, the negative identities make the individual to be looked down upon by the community as they directly negate its culture. To add to that, identity confusion has also been indicated by lack of consistency in values posted by an individual, values that are un-harmon ic with the societal demands, and lack of the necessary societal ideals. Coping strategies Resilience theory explains how families with special emphasis on parents can adequately cope with children who have been diagnosed with disorder issues and cases that cause stress.. Dekker and Sibai (2001, p. 209) indicate that developing coping strategies is crucial in determining whether an individual will recover from stress-producing situation without disintegration. This concept in very interesting because it sheds light on why some families are able to cope well with stress than others. The film under analysis portray this concept very clearly since despite the chronic and consist stress that Charlie brings, Maggie is able to cope with the situation through flexibility. Research has shown that the behavior of autistic children is always unpredictable; therefore, family members must exercise flexibility to be able to deal with uncertain behavior. Besides, Maggie has also adopted a constru ctive approach to resilience. The theory states that an individual is capable of remaining healthy if he/she can positively cope with the environmental aspects that instigate stress by remaining optimistic amidst stress causing factors. Furthermore, family resilience theory seeks to identity the elements that promote high level of resilience and this elements are treated as ideal of which other families can emulate incase they are faced with a similar situation. Implications for healthcare practice Addressing psychological disorders in society is one of the most critical aspects that contribute to the holistic well being of the people. Notably, the current rising levels of psychological disorders have culminated into intensification of research for the best methods of addressing them. Some of the methods of handling the problem include behavioral and cognitive therapies Behavioral and cognitive therapies share vast considerations in common. Though behavioral therapy does not focus m ore on the internal consideration of an individual, it appreciates that an individual’s psychological behavior is vastly influenced by his internal state. This is similar to the cognitive therapy which is based on the view that it is the internal state of an individual that dictates their behavior and therefore should be manipulated to address psychological disorders. Beside, the concept of environmental influence is employed in both therapies. While it is the main basis for behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy employs it to identify those suffering psychological disorders or trace their progress after treatment. According to Roberts and Cooper (2001, p. 53), both behavioral and cognitive therapies are different through the mode they approach problems related to psychological disorders. In cognitive therapy, an individual is helped to overcome psychological disorders through identification and establishing change to the thinking, emotional response, and even behavioral patte rns. Notably, cognitive therapy seeks to address psychological disorder from internal consideration of an individual. For instance, clients may be assisted to deal with their beliefs or even their negative ways of thinking through their cooperation with the therapist. The debate on which method between behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy is better has remained a real challenge to resolve for a considerably long period of time now. Nejatizadeh et al (2008, p. 451) indicate that depending on thoroughness and the type of psychological disorder being considered, both methodologies have effectively been employed. As a result, a combination of the two methods have been established and indeed been found to operate in a superior mode compared to either cognitive therapy or behavioral therapy when employed singly. As Nejatizadeh et al indicate, cognitive-behavioral therapy is id being preferred by psychotherapists in addressing conditions such as stress, depression, identity disorders a nd even schizophrenia among others. Conclusion To sum it up, it is worth to mention that personal growth and development from childhood is a complex process that demands close monitoring especially in cases where physical or mental infirmities are noted. This paper concludes by indicating that addressing psychological disorders in society is very critical if people are to remain harmonious, stress-free and highly productive. Notably, both cognitive and behavioral therapies have been practiced with great levels of efficacy as part and parcel of reducing stress. However, their combination appears even better in term of addressing psychological disorders. References Altiere, M Von Kluge, S 2009, ‘Searching for acceptance: Challenges encountered while raising a child with autism’. Journal of Intellectual Developmental Disability, Vol. 34 no. 2, pp. 142-152. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABC), 2009, Autism in Australia. Web. Ayoub CC et al. 2006, Cognitive and emotional differences in young maltreated children: A translational application of dynamic skill theory, Development and psychopathology, vol. 18 no. 3, pp. 679-706. Baker J, Seltzer M Greenberg S 2011, ‘Longitudinal effects of adaptability on behavior problems and maternal depression in families of adolescents with autism’, Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 25 no. 4, pp. 601-609. Barkway, P 2009, ‘Psychology for Health Professionals’, Sydney: Elsevier Australia. Capps, D 2009, Norman Vincent Peale, Smiley Blanton and the Hidden Energies of the Mind, Journal of Religion and Health, vol. 48 no. 4, pp. 507-527. Cohen P, Brown J Smailes E 2001, Child abuse and neglect and the development of mental disorders in the general population, Development and psychopathology, vol. 13 no. 4, pp. 981-99. Dekker, G Sibai, B 2001, Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of pre-eclampsia, The Lancet, vol. 357, no. 9251, pp. 209-215. Down, E. Jack, J. 2008. The Black Balloon. Web. Ginette, GF Debra, AE 2008, Development of an educational/support group for pregnant women in prison, Journal of Forensic Nursing, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 55-60. Glantz MD, et al. 2009, Mental disorders as risk factors for later substance dependence: estimates of optimal prevention and treatment benefits, Psychological medicine, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1365-1377. Greenberg S, Seltzer M Hong J 2001, ‘Bidirectional effects of expressed emotion and behavior problems and symptoms in adolescents and adults with autism’, American journal on mental retardation, vol. 111, no 4, pp. 229-249. Jara DL et al. 2010, Pre-operative quality of life and psychological factors that influence patient decision making in LASIK, Eye, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 270-5. Kashanian M et al. R 2011, Risk Factors for Pre-Eclampsia: A Study in Tehran, Iran, Archives of Iranian Medicine, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 412-415. Louds J et al. 2007 ‘Transition and change in adolescents and young adults with autism; longitudinal effects on maternal well-being’, American journal on mental retardation, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 401-417. Nejatizadeh A, et al. 2008, The genetic aspects of pre-eclampsia: achievements and limitations, Biochemical genetics, vol. 46, no. 7-8, pp. 451-479. Orsmond, G, Krauss, M Seltzer, M, 2004 ‘Peer relationships and social and recreational activities among adolescents and adults with autism’ Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 245-256. Poston L et al. 2006, Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial, The Lancet, vol. 367, no. 9517, pp. 1145-1154. Raijmakers MTM et al. 2005, Amino Thiols, Detoxification and Oxidative Stress in Pre-Eclampsia and Other Disorders of Pregnancy, Current pharmaceutical design, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 711-734. Roberts, JM Cooper, DW 2001, Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia, The Lancet, vol. 357, no. 9249, pp. 53-56. Sel tzer M, Krauss W, Orsmond I Vestal K 2001,’Families of adolescents and adults with autism: Uncharted Territory’ International review of research in mental retardation, vol.23, pp. 267-293. Seltzer, M, Krauss, W, Orsmond, I Vestal, C 2004, ‘Peer relationships and social and recreational activities among adolescents and adults with autism’, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(3), 245-256. Shattuck, P 2007, ‘Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder’, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, vol. 37, pp.1735–1747. Smith, S O’Relly, R 2008, ‘Australian autism handbook: the essential resource guide to autism spectrum disorder. Jane Curry Publishing, Edgecliff: N.S.W. Sparks, JA 2000, The deconstruction of magic: Rereading, rethinking Erickson, Family process, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 307-311. White, W, Keonig, K Scahill, L 2007, ‘Social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders: a review of the intervention research’, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 37, no. 20, pp. 1858-1868.

French Expressions - Mood and Health

French Expressions - Mood and Health Learn some French expressions related to mood and health, both good and bad. English French Literal translation Did you get up on the wrong side of the bed? Tu tes lev du pied gauche? Did you get up on your left foot? Dont sulk! Ne fais pa la tte ! Dont do/make the head! Get well soon. Remets-toi vite. Get better quickly. Hes hard of hearing. Il est dur doreille. Hes uncomfortable. Il nest pas bien dans sa peau. Hes not good in his skin. Hes in a very good mood. Il est de trs bon humeur. Hes of very good mood. I burst out laughing. Jai clat de rire. I burst to laugh. I cant seem to wake up. Je narrive pas me rveiller. Im not managing to wake up I dont feel well. Je ne suis pas en forme. Im not in shape I feel great! Jai la frite !Jai la patate ! I have the French fry!I have the potato! Im all choked up. Jai la gorge serre. My throat is tight. Im bathed in sweat. Je suis en nage. Im swimming. Im beat! Je suis crev!Je suis bout de force! Im burst!Im at the end of force! Im bored to death. Je mennuie mourir Im bored to dying. Im out of breath. Je suis hors dhaleine. I was ready to drop. Les jambes mentraient dans le corps. My legs were going into my body. My head is spinning. Jai la tte qui tourne. I have the head that spins. You look well. Tu as bonne mine. You have good look. Youre soaked to the skin! Tu es tremp comme une soupe!Tu es tremp jusquaux os! Youre soaked like a soup!Youre soaked to the bones!

Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tottenham Hotspur Football Club - Case Study Example (Google Finance) Most of the revenues of Tottenham also known as Spurs are generated from TV broadcasting rights and ticket sales at its home ground White Hart Lane. Despite the efforts for expanding the team facilities and the stadium capacity the company is yet to make a breakthrough in this respect. The company is headed by Chairman Daniel Levy who controls 66 percent of the team by his investments through ENIC International. (Hoover) Based on the detailed financial performance analysed for the period from the fiscal year ending 30th June 2002 to 30th June 2006, the company has turned around its position during the fiscal year and has made remarkable improvement in the turnover and the pretax profits. The turnover has registered a growth of 28.95 million (2006: 74.14m) which is equivalent to 39.05 percent increase over the past year. The pretax at 27.72 m for the year 2007 shows an absolutely significant performance with the company making a loss of 15.75 m for the year 2006. This has resulted in a positive earnings per share of 4p per share (2006: (1.7p) per share). The company could pay a dividend of 4p per share while it could not pay any dividend in the year 2006 due to the losses the company made. The company's financial performance has been a turbulent one in the five years under review. The company could make some significant earnings in the year 2005, while the company had reported a net loss after interest and taxation for the year 2006. As seen above the company could reverse the position in the year 2007. There has been no consistency in the operations of the company which is evident from the varying ratios as indicated in the above table. Especially despite the higher turnover the company could not earn a good return for the shareholders. This can be seen from the ROE ratio over the last five years. Since the profitability of the company is largely dependent on the gate receipts for the premier league matches and the broadcasting rights which are very volatile depending on the class of matches and the quality of the players, there is bound to be a variation in the revenues for all the clubs. Moreover