periods-of-PHILIT Essays - Southeast Asia, Filipino People, Writers

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE I. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (--BC to1564) A.Characteristics 1. Basedonoraltraditions 2. Crude on ideology and phraseology B.LiteraryForms 1.OralLiterature a. Riddles (bugtong) - battle of witsamong participants Tigmo -Cebu Paktakon-Ilonggo Patotdon - Bicol b. Proverbs (salawikain) - wise sayings that contain a metaphor used toteach as a food for thought c. Tanaga - amono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus has affinities with the folk lyric." 2.Folk Songs -It is aform of folk lyric which expresses the hopes andaspirations, the people's lifestyles as well as their loves. Theseare often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive. a. Heleoroyayi-lullaby b.Ambahan (Mangyan) - 7-syllable per line poem that are about human relationships and socialentertainment c. Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the livelihood of the people d. Tagay (Cebuanoand Waray) - drinking song e. Kanogan (Cebuano) - song of lamentation for the dead 3.FolkTales a.Myths -explain howthe worldwas created, howcertain animals possess certain characteristics, whysome places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna. b.Legends-explaintheoriginofthings example: Why the Pineapple Has Eyes, The Legend of Maria Makiling c.Fables- usedanimalcharactersand allegory d. Fantastic stories - deal with underworld characters such as "tiyanak","aswang", "kapre" and others 4.Epics-These are "narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around supernatural eventsor heroic deeds" (Arsenio Manuel) Examples: Lam-ang(Ilocano) Hinilawod(Panay) Kudaman(Palawan) Darangen(Maranao) II.SPANISHCOLONIZATIONPERIOD(1565-1863) A.Characteristics 1. It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular 2. It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication B. LiteraryForms 1.Religious Literature -Religious lyrics written by ladino poets orthose versedin both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. a. Pasyon -longnarrativepoemabout the passion and deathof Christ.The most popular was "Ang Mahal na Passion niJesu Cristong Panignoon Natin" by Aguino de Belen. b. Senakulo -dramatization of the pasyon,it shows the passionand deathofChrist. 2.Secular(non-religious) Literature a. Awit- colorful talesofchivalrymadefor singingand chanting Example: Ibong Adarna b. Korido- metrical talewritten inoctosyllabicquatrainsExample:Florante atLaura byF. Baltazar c.Prose Narratives -written to prescribe proper decorum i.Dialogo ii.ejemplo iii.ManualdeUrbanidad iv. tratado Examples: Modesto de Castro's " Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na siUrbana at si Feliza" and Joaquin Tuason's "Ang Bagong Robinson" (The NewRobinson) in 1879 III.NATIONALISTIC/PROPAGANDAANDREVOLUTIONARYPERIOD(1864 - 1896) A.Characteristics 1. Planted seeds of nationalism inFilipinos 2. Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog 3. Addressed the masses instead of the "intelligentsia" B. Literary Forms 1.PropagandaLiterature- Reformatoryinobjective a.Political Essays- satires, editorialsandnews articles werewritten to attack and expose the evils ofSpanish rule i. DiariongTagalog -foundedbyMarcelo delPilar ii. LaSolidaridad -whose editor-in-chiefisGraciano Lopez-Jaena b.PoliticalNovels i.Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo- JoseRizal's masterpieces that paved the way to the revolution 2. RevolutionaryLiterature-morepropagandisticthanliteraryasitismoreviolent in nature anddemanded complete independence forthe country a. Political Essays - helped inflame the spirit of revolution i.Kalayaan - newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto b.Poetry i.True Decalogue -ApolinarioMabini ii. Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas - AndresBonifacio iii. Liwanag at Dilim - Emilio Jacinto. IV.AMERICANCOLONIALPERIOD (1910- 1945) A. Period ofApprenticeship (1910-1930) 1. Filipino Writers imitated English and American models 2. Poems writtenwere amateurish andmushy,which phrasingand dictionis awkward and artificial a. Short Stories i. Dead Stars - Paz Marquez Benitez ii. The Key - Paz Latorena iii. Footnote to Youth - Jose Garcia Villa b. Novels i.ChildeofSorrow- firstnovel in English, by ZoiloGalang B.Period of Emergence(1920-1930) 1.Highly influenced byWesternliterarytrends like Romanticism and Realism a.ShortStories-mostprevalentliteraryform i.JoseGarciaVilla-earnedtheinternationaltitle"PoetoftheCentury" V.JAPANESEOCCUPATION(1942-1960) A. War Years(1942-1944) 1.Tagalogpoets brokeawayfrom the Balagtastradition andinstead wrote in simple language and free Verse. 2. Fictionprevailedoverpoetry a.25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino (1943) - compilation of the short story contest by themilitary government i.Suyuan saTubigan- MacarioPineda ii.LupangTinubuan-NarcisoReyes iii.UhawangTigangnaLupa- Liwayway Arceo B. Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960) 1. Bountiful harvest in poetry,fiction, drama and essay 2. FilipinowritersmasteredEnglishandfamiliarizedthemselveswith diverse techniques 3. Literary"giants"appeared a. Palanca Awards for Literature i. JoseGarciaVilla ii. NickJoaquin iii. NVMGonzales iv. BienvenidoSantos v. Gregorio Brillantes vi. GildaCordero Fernando b. NationalArtistAwards i. JoseGarciaVilla ii.NickJoaquin VI.CONTEMPORARY/MODERN PERIOD (1960- PRESENT) A.Characteristics 1. MartialLawrepressed andcurtailedhumanrights,includingfreedom ofthe press 2. Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home their message, at the face of heavy censorship 3. Theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the PETA (Phil. EducationalTheater Association) and UP Theater. 4. From theeightiesonwards,writers continue toshow dynamismand innovation Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/36510088/Philippine-Literary-Periods#scribd